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Development of Satellite Studies within the Framework of the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958)
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Development of Satellite Studies within the Framework of the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958)
Annotation
PII
S020596060013010-3-
DOI
10.31857/S020596060013010-3
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Dmitrii Shcherbinin 
Affiliation: S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation,
Edition
Volume 41 Issue 4
Pages
692-716
Abstract
Within the framework of the International Geophysical Year research program (1957–1958), seven artificial Earth satellites were launched into near­ Earth orbits. It not only signified the program’s success but also laid the foundation for practical cosmonautics. At the same time, the advancement of rocket and space technology and the development of methods and means for exploring the Earth and near­earth space occurred in a situation of acute political confrontation between the USSR and the USA. This prevented the implementation of a systematic large­scale scientific approach to space exploration but, on the other hand, enabled attracting the maximum possible resources for research, development and testing of equipment, which set an extremely high rate of development of the new scientific and technical industry. In pursuit of similar goals in the space race, countries worked towards these goals in different ways. This article provides a chronology of the two countries’ scientific and technical achievements in space exploration and research in 1957–1958, and draws conclusions about the role and significance of the satellite research program of the International Geophysical Year in the development of world cosmonautics.
Keywords
sputnik, history of rocket and space technology, space exploration, the first satellite
Received
30.09.2020
Date of publication
23.12.2020
Number of purchasers
14
Views
1998
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
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References

1. Baturin, Iu. M. (ed.) (2008) Sovetskaia kosmicheskaia initsiativa v gosudarstvennykh dokumentakh. 1946–1964 g. [Soviet Space Initiative in Government Documents. 1946–1964]. Moskva: RTSoft.

2. Bulkeley, R. (2008) Aspects of the Soviet IGY, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 10, ES1003, pp. 1–17.

3. Chertok, B. E. (1999) Rakety i liudi. Fili – Podlipki – Tiuratam. 2-e izd. [Rockets and People. Fili – Podlipki – Tyuratam]. Moskva: Mashinostroenie.

4. Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship. Report No. SM-11827.

5. Douglas Aircraft Company Inc. Santa Monica Plant Engineering Division. May 2, 1946.

6. Statement by James C. Hagerty, The White House, July 29, 1955. NSC 5520 “Draft Statement of Policy on U. S. Scientific Satellite Program”. NASA Historical Reference

7. Collection, NASA History Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC.

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